CLASS X - RECORD WORK

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CLASS IX - RECORD WORK

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TEXT BOOKS for classes VI, VII, VIII, IX & X

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CLASS - VIII

NOTES FOR : SA - 2 EXAM

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DATABASE NOTES

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In a database you can define the structure of the data and manipulate the data using some commands. There are two types of languages for this task. These are:

• Data Definition Language (DDL)

• Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A data definition language or data description language (DDL) is a standard for commands that define the different structures in a database. DDL statements create, modify, and remove database objects such as tables, indexes, and users.

Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A data manipulation language (DML) is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database. The goal is to provide efficient human interaction with the system. Data manipulation involves:

• Retrieval of information from the database- SELECT statement

• Insertion of new information into the database - INSERT statement

• Deletion of information in the database - DELETE statement

• Modification of information in the database - UPDATE statement

A query language is a part of DML involving information retrieval only. The terms DML and query language are often used synonymously. A popular data manipulation language is Structured Query Language (SQL). This is used to retrieve and manipulate data in a relational database. Other forms of DML are those used by IMS/DLI, CODASYL databases, such as IDMS and others. Data manipulation language comprises the SQL data change statements, which modify stored data but not the schema or database objects.

There are two types of DML:

• Procedural: The user specifies what data is needed and how to get it

• Nonprocedural: The user only specifies what data is needed. This is easier for the user but may not generate code as efficient as that produced by procedural languages.

A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an interface in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in database objects such as tables.

A report is used to generate the overall work outcome in a clear format. You can also create reports in database.

To retrieve all the columns in a table the syntax is:	SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;
To retrieve specific columns in a table then the syntax is:	SELECT COLUMN_NAME1, COLUMN_NAME2, … FROM <TABLENAME>;
To retrieve all the columns in a table with a condition then the syntax is:	SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME> where condition; Eg: select * from student where admission_no = 1234;

INSERT statement is used to add one or more records to a database. The general syntax of the

insert statement is shown below.

INSERT INTO <table_name> (column1, column2, column3,...)

VALUES (value1, value2,value3,...);

Note:

1. Numerical values can be written in normal, whereas text literals has to enclose in single quotes.

2. Values order / sequence has to follow the same order / sequence as column names specified.

3. We can insert values into all the columns or specific columns.

Update statement is used for modifying records in a database. The general syntax of the update statement is as follows:

UPDATE <table_name>

SET <column_name> =  NEW_VALUE

WHERE <condition>;

Note:

1.  If we forget to write the where condition, all the values in the specified column of table will updates with the NEW_VALUE.

2. We can update more the one column values at a time.

Delete Statement is used to remove one or more records in a database. The general syntax of the delete statement is as follows:

DELETE FROM <table_name> WHERE <condition>;

If we forget to write where condition, this query will deletes all the rows of the table.

Create statement is used for creating a database or a table in any RDBMS Software. A commonly used CREATE command is the CREATE TABLE command. The general syntax of the create statement is shown below.

CREATE TABLE <TABLENAME> ([column definitions]) [table parameters]

Column definitions: A comma-separated list consisting of any of the following

Column definition: [column name] [data type] {NULL | NOT NULL} {column options}

Primary key definition: PRIMARY KEY ([comma separated column list])

For example, if you would like to create a table using the Create statement, type the following and click Execute.

CREATE TABLE Employee

(

ID INTEGER, Name VARCHAR (50),

Department VARCHAR (50),

Address VARCHAR (120),

Contact_Number INTEGER

);

Report Preparation Sample:

Hotel Management System

The main aim of the entire activity is to automate the process of day to day activities of Hotel like Room activities, Admission of a New Customer, Assign a room according to customer’s demand, check out of a computer and releasing the room and finally compute the bill etc.

The limited time and resources have restricted us to incorporate, in this project, only a main activities that are performed in a HOTEL Management System, but utmost care has been taken to make the system efficient and user-friendly.

“HOTEL Management System” has been designed to computerize the following functions that are performed by the system:

v  Room Detail Functions

v  Opening a New Room

v  Modification to room assigned

v  Check-in and check-out Detail Functions

v  Admission of New customer

v  Check-out of customer

v  Room assigning related to customer’s need.

v  Statement of Customer Details

v  Check-in customer

v  Check-out customer

v  Room Details

v  Total number of Customers in the Hotel

v  Individual customer Report

OBJECTIVE

During the past several decades’ personnel function has been transformed from a relatively obscure record keeping staff to central and top level management function. There are many factors that have influenced this transformation like technological advances, professionalism, and general recognition of human beings as most important resources.

A computer-based management system is designed to handle all the primary information required to calculate monthly statements. Separate database is maintained to handle all the details required for the correct statement calculation and generation.

This project intends to introduce more user friendliness in the various activities such as record updating, maintenance, and searching.

The searching of record has been made quite simple as all the details of the customer can be obtained by simply keying in the identification of that customer.

Similarly, record maintenance and updating can also be accomplished by using the identification of the customer with all the details being automatically generated. These details are also being promptly automatically updated in the master file thus keeping the record absolutely up-to-date.

The entire information has maintained in the database or Files and whoever wants to retrieve can’t retrieve, only authorization user can retrieve the necessary information which can be easily be accessible from the file.

The main objective of the entire activity is to automate the process of day to day.

Activities of Hotel like:

• Room activities,
• Admission of a New Customer,
• Assign a room according to customer’s demand,
• Check out of a computer and releasing the room
• Finally compute the bill etc.
• Packages available.
• Advance online bookings.
• Online Cancellation.
• List of Regular customers.
• Email facility.
• Feedbacks

   RECORD QUESTION FOR CLASS 10

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11. Write the steps to create the tables in 

Library

TABLE NAME: LIBRARY_BOOKS
COLUMN_NAME	DATA TYPE
S.NO
BOOK_CODE
BOOK_NAME
BOOK_SUBJECT
BOOK_AUTHOR
BOOK_PAGES

TABLE NAME : LIBRARY_ISSUE
COLUMN_NAME	DATA TYPE
S.NO
ADM_NO
STU_NAME
STU_CLS
BOOK_CODE
ISSUE_DATE

School

TABLE NAME: STUDENT_DETAILS

TABLE NAME: STUDENT_PERSONAL_DETAILS

Add the columns as we written in the class work.

12. Create the Forms for the above databases.

13. Create the Reports for the above databases.

14. Write the Steps for usage of DDL and DML commands with examples. 

15. Create 10 Queries for the Library Database. (use INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE commands)

16. Create 10 Queries for the School Database. (use INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE commands)